Nicholas of Cusa… Chris Hemsworth… Robin Williams… Steve Wozniak… Biographies Multiposts
Encyclopedia of Biographies of famous and historical figures
Biographies online:
- Biography of Nicholas of Cusa
- Biography of Giuseppe Di Vittorio
- Biography of Jerzy Grotowski
- Biography of Chris Hemsworth
- Hulk Hogan biography
- Biography of Tazio Nuvolari
- Gianluca Pessotto biography
- Biography of Jackson Pollock
- Biography of Marie François Sadi Carnot
- Edith Wharton biography
- Biography of Robin Williams
- Biography of Steve Wozniak
Biography of Nicholas of Cusa
August 11, 1401
August 11, 1464
Who is Nicholas of Cusa
Nicholas of Cusa, Italianized name of German philosopher and mathematician Nikolaus Krebs, born in 1401 to Cues, near Trier. It is the most representative of platonic philosophy in the Renaissance. His most important work is the famous "De docta ignorantia", the question arises of how man can learn about the world around him. Educated according to a decidedly medieval tradition, i.e. combining the aspiration to universalism typical of the middle ages, localism travels from city to city.In these pilgrimages he during his studies of resume and deepen the Greek philosophical doctrines and especially the Platonism. It is also active within the ecclesiastical agrarian (becomes even cardinal in 1449).
He studied law in Heidelberg and Padua in 1423 he graduated and became a doctor of philosophy, and later also in addottora theology. His presence is testified at the Council of Basel in which, for the occasion, made up the "De concordantia catholica" (1433). In one written Nicola Cusano advocates the unity of the Catholic Church and the concordance of all Christian faiths.
Pope Eugene IV, formal recognition as dictated by estimate, puts him at the head of an Embassy to Constantinople, in preparation for the Council of Florence, 1439.
It is precisely during the return trip from Greece that Cusano begins to develop the ideas of his major work and cited, "De docta ignorantia", composed around 14He believes that human knowledge models on mathematical knowledge. As part of the knowledge we know what is unknown only if it has a proportionality with what is already known. So for Cusano, knowledge is based on homogeneity between known and unknown as in math: the more the truth are close to what we already know, the more easily we know them. Faced with what is not absolutely consistent with what we know we cannot proclaim ignorance, which will be a "learned ignorance" because we are aware of it.
The man always escape the absolute truth: he only knows the truth about who may be increased but that don't coincide with the absolute.
"This ignorance is aware however, scholarly, rather than be limited to issues of traditional negative theology, open to an endless quest of approximation to God. CUSANO extends the method of negative theology (you can know God only via negationis) to the whole philosophy. This leads us to consider the world and its phenomena as a natural creation of God and living as the set of signs in which is contained the Supreme harmony of the universe. The conceptual tools are inadequate, however, in that the object of universal and infinite knowledge. The concepts are signs that something may be defined only in relation to another, some in relation to another party; knowledge and of his divine Unity remains inattingibile.
But this does not at all a devaluation of knowledge; on the contrary, human reason, facing the task of knowing an absolute object, it is stimulated to an infinite progress of knowledge.
[...]. Just follow this path (which brought in a new form the tradition of Llull's logic), came to an original Cusano conception of the relationship between God and the world. Many recall the finished bodies One infinity as their principle; It is because of all the finished bodies and their oppositions. God is "coincidentia oppositorum" which is the "complication. the manifold (complicatio) into one; Conversely, the world is the "explanation" (explicatio) one in the manifold.
Between the two poles you have an attendance report for which God and the world converge: the divine being, partecipandosi to another by itself, spreads, while remaining himself and in himself; the world, in turn, appears to be an image, a reproduction imitation of the same divine being, or as a second God or a God created (Deus creatus).
These concepts led to the complete rejection of Cusa traditional Aristotelian cosmology.
Permeated by God and its image, the world can not be infinite; It cannot therefore give a finite space and a single centre. Stating the relativity of physical representations of place and movement, Cusano ingeniously to the Copernican revolution prelude "." (excerpt from "encyclopedia of philosophy by Garzanti).
Nicholas of Cusa's work represents a great synthesis of medieval thought and, simultaneously, an introduction to the philosophy of the modern age. For this reason, in his opinion, the religious problem is centrally located; his Theology entails a whole new approach to the problem of man's universe, on a philosophical basis that would eventually be developed by thinkers such as Giordano Bruno, Leonardo da Vinci, Copernicus.
Cusano's work consists mostly of short treatises on large speculative concentration: over already remember "De docta ignorantia", we "De coniecturis" (1441); "Apologia doctae ignorantiae" (1449); "Idiot" (1450, comprising three written: "De sapientia", "De", "De experimentis staticis"); "De visione Dei" (1453); "De possesi" (1455); "De beryllo" (1458); "De ludo globi" (1460); "De non aliud" (1462); "De venatione sapientiae" (1463); "De Theoriae Apex" (1464).
Appointed cardinal in 1448 was papal in Germany and tie him Bishop of Bressanone from 14Called to Rome by Pope Pius II in 1458, he spent the last years of his life. Nicholas of Cusa dies on August 11, 1464 in Todi.
Biography of Giuseppe Di Vittorio
August 11, 1892
November 3, 1957
Who is Giuseppe Di Vittorio
Politician and trade unionist, Giuseppe Di Vittorio in Cerignola is born on August 11, 1892 into a family of peasants, the largest social class of the time.Already in teens begins an intense political and Union activities; in 15 years is among the promoters of Socialist Youth Circle in Cerignola, and in 1911 directed the Camera del Lavoro di Minervino Murge.
Later Director of the Camera del Lavoro di Bari, where will organise the defence of the seat of the Chamber of labour by defeating the squadristi fascists of Cameron.
At the Centre of problems of work there was then in Italy the southern question. In 1912 Giuseppe Di Vittorio enters the Unione Sindacale Italiana, coming within one year in the National Committee.
Entered as mentioned in the Trade Union struggle and politics at a young age, initially sided with the Socialists; by 1924, three years after the split of Livorno (1921), passes in the ranks of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) and was immediately elected Deputy in 1924 elections.
By Vittorio to understand due to its simple and effective language from the working class, rapid development, as well as by farmers on the edge of economic, social and cultural life of Italy.
In 1925 is sentenced by the Special Court to 12 years of fascist jail: manages to escape in France where he represented the dissolved Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro, in the International Trade Union Confederation rossi.
From 1928 to 1930 stays in the Soviet Union, representing Italy in International baby girl; back then in Paris and join the management team of PCI.
During the war in Ethiopia, at the direction of the Comintern (the international organization of Communist parties), sends a team of three people to organize guerrilla warfare against local fascist invasion: the three Communists, will be called "the three Apostles" and among these there is very experienced Barontini, Ilium for that type of mission request.
Along with other anti-fascists By Vittorio participates in the Spanish civil war (which will start the dictatorship of Francisco Franco); in 1937 he directed an anti-fascist newspaper in Paris.
In 1941 he was arrested by the fascist police and sent into internal exile to Ventotene.
Two years later he was freed by the partisans: over the last two years of the second world war he took part in the Resistance in the ranks of the Brigate Garibaldi.
In 1945 he was elected Secretary of the CGIL, reconstituted only the year before thanks to the so-called "Pact of Rome". Union Unity lasted until 1948, when, on the occasion of the general strike for political attack against Palmiro Togliatti, the Catholic current separates to form its own syndicate, the CISL; similar action will be made by the Social Democrats that you'll group the UIL.
In 1956 stir his stance against the Soviet intervention in Hungary, whose opinion differs from the official Communist Party.
The fame and prestige of Giuseppe Di Vittorio win the working class and trade union movement around the world, and in 1953 was elected President of the World Federation of trade unions.
By Vittorio will continue to lead the CGIL until his death on November 3, 1957 in Melbourne, following a meeting with some delegates.
Biography of Jerzy Grotowski
August 11, 1933
January 14, 1999
Who is Jerzy Grotowski
The most famous figure in the Polish theatre in decades is Jerzy Grotowski was born in Rzeszów (Poland) on August 11, 1933, Director from 1959 Laboratory Theatre in Opole, which moved to Wroclaw in 19Grotowski drew up the definition of "poor theatre", namely that it is only with the actor and the audience, creating a relationship without technological mediations. Quite the opposite of what the cinema, whose "poor theatre" is a kind of reaction (even if its function is not exhausted in this) and a testament to the importance of the theater.Grotowski, the last true revolutionary in the theatrical field, showed that making the only Theatre actor and spectator. The presence of both at the same time and in the same place is the element that distinguishes the theatre. Cinema or television always take place at another time and in another space. That's why it's still worth doing theater: why, in an age of media, the theatre is one of the very few places where you have to be physically present, and it is not.
In this context, the primary problem which committed Jerzy Grotowski during his training as an author was the training of actors, a search that led him to be inspired by different sources: the Stanislavsky method, yoga, bio-mechanical training by meyerhold, rhythmic exercises of Dullin or Delsarte's studies on the reactions.
His system, in short, requires that absolute control of WINS itself, is that voice gestures (but also psychological), so that during the performances can become completely according to the needs of the show. Many theatre groups are born taking inspiration from Grotowski's teaching. The most important is the "Odin Teatret" founded in 1964 by Eugenio Barba in Oslo.
Jerzy Grotowski created his performances between 1959 and 1968 with a group of actors who followed him all the way. It was "Teatr Laboratorium" and was located in Poland, in Opole, before then in Wroclaw. In addition to the performances on "Teatr Laboratorium" has developed, in line with what has been said about the training of actors, a training method based on exercise and memory. This method is the ideal investigation of prior research and, at the same time, the invention of something new. Is the most traditional and the most revolutionary imaginable.
In 1970 Grotowski has abandoned the theatre to search for parateatrali. In 1985 he founded in Pontedera, near Pisa, a Workcenter where he focused on what he called art as vehicle.
The great writer died in Pontedera on January 14, 1999, when had not yet 66 years, leaving behind a huge void. Today it is unthinkable to do theater without taking account of his lecture.
Biography of Chris Hemsworth
August 11, 1983
Who is Chris Hemsworth
Chris Hemsworth was born 11 August 1983 in Melbourne, the son of Leonie, an English teacher, and Craig, a consultant for social services. Grew up in Melbourne and the Northern Territory, a small Aboriginal community called Bulman, he attended Heathmont College before moving to Phillip Island. In the early 2000s he approaches the world of the show getting the first parts in television: it appears, inter alia, in the television series Guinevere Jones "," Neighbours "," Marshall Law "and" the Saddle Club ".In 2004 he took part in Auditions for the Australian soap opera "Home and away", aspiring to the role of Robbie Hunter: the hearing, however, is not successful (the part is assigned to Jason Smith) Although Chris Hemsworth still manages to get noticed, as subsequently invoked to interpret Kim Hyde. In all, will appear in over 170 episodes, became one of the faces of tip: on the set, know the model/actress Isabel Lucas, which will undertake an affair lasting just under two years.
Abandoned the soap, Chris takes part as a contestant on the tv show "Dancing with the stars" (the Australian version of "dancing with the stars"), where he learned to dance with its Abbey teacher Ross. In 2009 Hemsworth back to acting, wearing the clothes of George Kirk, father of James t. Kirk, in the opening scenes of the movie by J.J. Abrams "Star Trek". Then, after starring in the thriller "Kale A perfect getaway-a perfect escape route" (directed by David Twohy), is called by Stephen Milburn Anderson to star in "Cash game-Pay or die", alongside Sean Bean.
While criticism starts to notice him (the "Hollywood Reporter" in November 2010 the report as one of the best emerging actors), in 2011 Chris Hemsworth is called to interpret the Marvel Comics superhero Thor, based on the mythological figure of the God of Thunder and lightning; After the movie that bears the name of his character, reinterprets the same role the next year for the movie "The Avengers".
In 2012, she starred in the film by Rupert Sanders "snow white and the Huntsman and becomes father of Indie Rose, had by his wife Elsa Pataky (Spanish actress married in December 2010). Then, he Drew Goddard in "the cabin in the Woods", and to Dan Bradley in "Red Dawn". It is a period of important awards for the Australian actor, who gets a nomination for the BAFTA rising star and was nominated for a People's Choice Award for best superhero. Thanks to "Thor", is nominated for best hero MTV Movie Awards and for best performance by an actor in a science fiction film at the Teen Choice Awards.
Back to partner with j. j. Abrams ' Star Trek Into Darkness ", in 2013 Chris Hemsworth plays the Ron Howard film" Rush "(is he to assume the role of the Formula 1 racing driver James Hunt) and back to be the face to Thor in" Thor: the dark world ", by Alan Taylor. Vince also an MTV Movie Award for best fight (in "The avengers"), and two People's Choice Awards as the best star in an action film, for "The Avengers" and "Snow White and the Huntsman". At the Teen Choice Awards, is nominated for best actor in an action movie "Red Dawn".
In 2014 the "People" magazine draws up a ranking crowning Chris Hemsworth as "sexiest man in the world".
Hulk Hogan biography
August 11, 1953
Who is Hulk Hogan
It is possible that many have wondered who is the gentleman giant by sloping mustache blond and improbable long hair who occasionally appeared in some tv show with gigiona air. It is none other than a myth of wrestling, an athlete who has become a distinctive-looking character, has been able to recycle even as an actor. Wrestling, incidentally, is to mock sports bloody consisting in beating in every way conceivable.The happy Hogan, born in 1953 and whose real name is Terrence Gene Bollea, since he was a child seemed made for a career like that. Huge since birth, her appearance has always been particularly disturbing, though like all fans well know, it's just a gentle giant. His career takes off as far back as 1967 when at a gym in Tampa (Florida) starts to practice body building. In recent years, Hogan, oblivious to the great success he'd kissed, not only takes care of his body, but he began studying business administration and music at the University of South Florida. But his real interests are patently ricolti elsewhere.
Tirelessly spends most of his time in the gym, and it was during a training session that he was noticed by Jack Brisco, manager of the sector that understands the potential immediately. Brisco pushes the young to train as a wrestler, and to facilitate it, puts him in touch with Hiro Matsuda, great coach passed away recently.
In 1973 thanks to Matsuda, Hogan reaches enviable results but the road to the perfect shape is still long. Entry into the professional world occurs in 1978 when dispute her first match in an independent Federation of Florida under the guise of ' Super Destroyer. When the promoter see his performance on Quad decide to put it under contract on the spot.
In the early days fighting in parts of Alabama and Memphis under the name Terry Boulder, then teamed with Leslie, And so that the two brothers pretending to call Boulder Brothers. In September 1979 switch to NWA South Eastern where he fights under the name Sterling Golden and it is precisely in the NWA in December 1979 that he won his first world title against Bob Roop, lost only a year later with Bob Armstrong. But the world of wrestling is so, no one holds a title for too long and is a succession of twists.
From then on the Hulk Hogan road is paved by an endless series of meetings, fights, spectacular events, all elegantly designed to feed the great circus of that childish and childlike struggle called wrestling. Right in 1980 he invents the character of Hulk Hogan, Andre the Incredible Hulk comic books from Marvel Comics. Over time the Hulk becomes hugely popular, especially in countries such as the discipline lovers Japan.
Hogan's popularity reached its peak when, in 1982, playing the part of Thunderlips in Sylvester Stallone's film "Rocky III".
Pprotagonista even a TV series ("Thunder in Paradise", which were also numerous former colleagues), Hulk has also found a way to cross the doors of Hollywood, even with modest success compared to expectations (indeed, sometimes made of real flop). His screen debut came in 1982 as told in "Rocky III" but later participated in many other films. Spielberg wanted to play himself in the movie "Gremlins II", then she starred in "No Holds Barred", unsuccessful film distributed only in the United States.
In 1990 she starred alongside Christopher Lloyd in the comedy "Cose dell'altro mondo" and later turned to Missiles "home," a comedy in which his side Sherman Hemsley (George of "Jefferson").
And again: the bizarre figure of Hulk Hogan can appreciate in films like "Christmas", "3 Ninjas: High Noon At Mega Mountain" and many other movies are not always distributed in our country.
Biography of Tazio Nuvolari
November 16, 1892
August 11, 1953
Who is Tazio Nuvolari
Tazio Giorgio Nuvolari was born in Castel d'ario, in the province of Mantua, on November 16, 1892, fourth son of Arturo Nuvolari, wealthy farmer, and Elisa Zorzi, thirty source. Lively boy and little inclined to study, Tazio is attracted by the dynamism of sports. Her father was a cyclist with more than a statement of the assets; his uncle Giuseppe Nuvolari is even an ACE: several times Italian champion, engages with success abroad in speed on the track and in the first middle distance races behind the engines. The little Tazio will try for his uncle Giuseppe much affection and a boundless admiration, designed to stimulate strong impulse of emulation.In 1923, at the age of thirty-one years, Tazio start running with perseverance. Between March and November 28 departure takes times, 24 by motorcycle and 4 by car. No longer a gentleman driver, but a professional driver. In motion is the revelation of the year. Drive alternating positions and leave but does not fail to get noticed, if not with the Diatto, certainly with the agile Chiribiri Monza Type.
Motorcycle activity also dominates in 1924:19 results, against 5 drive. The latter are however great: there's his first victory (Golfo del Tigullio Circuit, April 13) and four others. In Liguria are running with a White Type 18 (4-cylinder, two-liter displacement, double); in other races, even with Type Monza Chiribiri.
Tazio is driving this car when you first fights against an opponent for a great future, though not as a pilot: the Enzo Ferrari Modena. "My first encounter with Nuvolari", writes in her memoirs, "dates back to 19It was before the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna, on the street where they had placed the box for the second circuit of Savio. At the beginning, I remember, I had given too much credit to that skinny, but during the race I avvidi that it was the only contestant able to threaten my gear. I was on Alpha 3 liters, him on a Chiribiri. And in this order we cut the line. The same ranking was repeated a few weeks later at the Circuito del Polesine ... ".
In 1925 Tazio Nuvolari runs only in motion, but with a far from insignificant car. On 1 September, invited by Alfa Romeo, took part in a test session at Monza, driving the famous P2, the car designed by Vittorio Jano who since his appearance in 1924, dominated the international scene. Alpha search a driver to replace Antonio Ascari who just over a month before he died in an accident during the G.P. of France, at Montlhéry. For undaunted Tazio Nuvolari runs five laps at medium and higher, making it faster than Campari and Mad and approaching the record set the year before by Ascari. On the sixth lap stumbles into a disastrous release of the track. "The tyres were almost zero", explains, "and the Tazio at some point I will disinnestò the March". The machine is damaged, the pilot is seriously injured, but twelve days later, still sore, back to Monza, do you fill of felt and wrap with a stiff bandage, do you put in the trust and 350 White wins the Gp of Nations.
Its popularity is now very wide. They call him the "champion" of two wheels.
But in his heart include the four wheels: we'll try again, relentless, in 1927, the year in which a White Type 20 with the first edition of the Mille Miglia coming tenth.
Then buy a Bugatti 35 and won the real Roma and G.P. circuit.
It is in the winter of 1927 and 1928 that Tazio decides to bet with full determination on the car. Founded in Mantua Scuderia Nuvolari, buys four Bugatti grand prix and sells two, one by Achille Varzi (his friend but fierce rival already running, on two wheels) and a Caesar Shepherd. The March 11, 1928? nine days after the birth of her second child, Alberto? Tazio WINS Tripoli G.P.: is this his first major international success. He also won on the circuit, in Verona, beating the great Pietro Bordino. These unfortunately lost his life a few days later, in a training accident in Alexandria circuit view, his city. Nuvolari goes to Alexandria and the race, which was titled the which flanged, honors the memory in the best way and won.
In that same 1930 Tazio Nuvolari joined the Scuderia Ferrari baby girl and gives her a first victory in the Trieste-Opicina, with Alfa Romeo PIt also States in two other important races uphill (Cuneo-Colle della Maddalena and Vittorio Veneto-Cansiglio, P2), then back on the 1750 GS and go on to win the Tourist Trophy at Ards, Northern Ireland.
Bids farewell to the bike, not without capturing the last four hits including, for the second time, the "absolute" in the Circuit's favourite, with the Whites in front of 350 to all 500.
The prodigious Nuvolari's career ended in 1950 with the last two races, the Giro di Sicilia/Targa Florio (the trail is 1,080 km), that leaves soon after for breaking away, and the uphill Palermo-Monte Pellegrino, which sees him first in class and fifth overall. Is April The car is a Ford Sport developed by 204 Spyder Abarth. Tazio closed but will not ever be retiring.
Spend a little over three years and what Ferdinand Porsche had called "the greatest driver of the past, the present and the future", goes silent, at six in the morning of the day August 11, 1953.
He said the Italian Director Michelangelo Antonioni: "he was a man who raped the reality and did things in the light of common sense were absurd. For young people, and I was among them, Nuvolari was the courage, a courage without bounds. Was the myth, "the unattainable.
Gianluca Pessotto biography
August 11, 1970
Who is Gianluca Pessotto
Gianluca Pessotto was born in Latisana, Udine, on August 11, 19He began his career in Milan, in the nursery. His next experience is in Varese in serie C2, in whose town team dispute 30 matches; Defender, also marks a network series in the 1989-1990 season.In 1991 to pass Massa and salt; totals 22 caps and initials.
Play then in Serie B with Bologna and Verona.
His serie A debut on September 4, 1994 comes with Torino (Torino-Inter Milan: 0-2): 32 matches, plays and score a goal.
Without changing cities, the following year he was bought by Juventus where he will play until the end of his career.
It is one of the few footballers who play in the top Division to have a degree.
With Juventus he won 6 league titles, in 1996/97, 1997/98, 2001/02, 2002/03, 2004/05, 2005/Also wins the Champions League in 1996, a European Supercup and an Intercontinental Cup in 1996, a Intertoto Cup in 1999 and three Italian supercups (1997, 2002 and 2003).
Until 2002 Gianluca Pessotto is a real team column: 173 cm to 72 Kilograms, is Ambidextrous, Defender, the versatile, able to play both left and right, effective on offense, the most precious being. Then unfortunately suffers an injury that forces him to a long stop: will the French Jonathan Zebina to serve and succeed in this role.
Also in the national contribution of Pessotto is critical to its quality: wearing the blue Jersey 22 times, participating in the 1998 World Championships (in France) and at the European Championships of 2000 (Netherlands and Belgium).
In 2001 he received the award "gold Chair" 2001, as "more important than football success emigrant friulano".
It is at the end of 2005 that Pessotto announced his imminent retirement, which will take place at the end of the season, in May 2006.
Immediately after his retirement, in conjunction with the wiretapping scandal that sees resign all vertices bianconeri-including Moggi, Giraudo and Bettega-Gianluca Pessotto became part of the new ruling class of the society, acting as team manager. The "weight", so nicknamed by fans and teammates, the occasion has got to declare: "I am very happy for this opportunity. It is an opportunity that allows me to embark on a new career and, at the same time, to remain in contact with the team and then to absorb the detachment from the field. Beginning this adventure with great enthusiasm and will be up to the new role ".
At the end of June suffers a serious accident, falling from a window of the white society. Shortly after you will have been a suicide attempt. Solidarity with the former player comes from many parts; not least the affection of that national team players involved at the World Championships in Germany, showing a banner with a message dedicated to Gianluca.
Biography of Jackson Pollock
January 28, 1912
August 11, 1956
Who is Jackson Pollock
Essential artist in American history, Jackson Pollock was born on January 28, 1912 in Cody Wyoming. It is the most emblematic representative of the so-called "action painting", representing the current American contribution to informal and that is to treat the fabric with large and violent movement of the brush, through "actions".Pollock is a strong artist and his paintings exude a wild energy that cannot leave indifferent the observer.
He spent his childhood and adolescence in Arizona and California. His is a very numerous farming family (Jackson is the last of five children), of Scottish-Irish origin.
Already at the age of fifteen, Jackson is quite restless and addicted to alcohol. He attended the High School of Reverside which dismissed for indiscipline and, in 1929, and by High School in Los Angeles, which was registered in 19During the great depression lives in New York, where he lives in the moment and where he attended the courses of Thomas Hart Benton at the Art students League.
In 1936 he attended the Laboratory of Modern Techniques in Art of Siqueiros, where experiments with techniques, tools and materials to non-traditional painting. From 1938 to 1942 he worked in the Works Progress Administration Federal Art Project in the murals, but few have the interest and success. It is a period of severe economic hardship and privation. In 1940 Orozco knows and Mexican painting.
He participated in the exhibition of the Art of this Century (1942) and is appreciated by the critic Clement Greenberg, who will follow and support throughout his career. In 1943 he met Peggy Guggenheim, with whom he signed a five-year contract. Thanks to her in 1944 he presented his first solo exhibition that opens the doors of celebrities.
He married painter Lee Krasner in 1940 and moved with her to a farm in Long Island, where he leads a modest life, away from alcohol. The years between 1945 and 1950 are the most creative.
In this regard it is worth noting that art as communication has never interested Pollock. "Painting is a way of being," he said. This claim has spurred the American critic Harold Rosenberg to write the following words in an attempt to deepen the pollockiana concept: "at some time the American painters began to consider the Web as an arena in which to act, rather than as a space in which to play, draw, analyze or make a present or imaginary object. The canvas was no longer so the painting support, but an event [...]. The innovation brought by the action painting was her do without State representation to express it in a physical movement. The action on the canvas became the same representation ... ".
One of the most important innovations of Pollock, within this way of looking at the painting and its material support, canvas, was the development of a technique called "dripping" (literally "dripping"), consisting in the color drip on a canvas placed horizontally, resulting in the leaking of color with ritual gestures and choreography in which there were reminiscent of magical propitiatory rites-charged by American Indians. The works so created are presented as a chaotic tangle of lines and colored blobs with a total absence of rational organization.
The same Pollock, in 1949, during a conversation with Rosenberg, supported the supremacy of the pictorial act as the source of magic. For it was coined by Rosemberg "Action painting" painting-action. Considered "the rattle of Dadaism" mortal, "an act of total denial" ... "unable to perform the function of communicating to the absence of images defined" (Pollock), this new style was initially viewed with suspicion by American and European critics.
We don't know if this state of Affairs has actually upset the hypersensitive personality of Pollock. What is certain is that his dedication to alcohol, despite ups and downs, never less. In 1950, after a healthy period of interruption, overcome by depression (a mood that has always haunted and that he would never abandoned) and resumed drinking.
Jackson Pollock on August 11, 1956 dies in a car accident, drunk at the wheel of his car, to South-Hampton.
Biography of Marie François Sadi Carnot
August 11, 1837
June 24, 1894
Who is Marie Francois Sadi Carnot
That of Carnot is a family-originally from Burgundy-who gave France famous people in science and politics, beginning with Nicholas Lazarus, mathematician and Minister of war under Napoleon I, author of "principles of balance and movement" and "location" geometry, and the mathematical theorem that bears his name; Nicola son Leonardo Sadi is a physicist and co-founder of thermodynamics, as well as author of critical studies in the field of physics; the second son, Lazarus Ippolito, publicist and statesman, Minister of education in the second French Republic and author of various works including "Exposé de la doctrine Saint-Simonienne" (1830) and "l'esclavage colonial" (1845).From such family descends Marie Francois Sadi, son of Lazarus Ippolito, who came into the world on August 11, 1837 in Limoges. Dedicated technical studies as a young man, according to family tradition, he obtained a degree in engineering but his interests turned primarily to political events. Elected Deputy of Republican left in 1871, covers several times as Minister of public works and finance in various governments until the resignation of President Grevy following a scandal, his reputation as an honest and upright man induce Georges Clemenceau to nominate it for the Presidency of the Republic: the choice proves to be a winner because the December 3, 1887 Marie François Sadi Carnot is elected with an overwhelming majority.
During the term of Office, which he performs with commendable wisdom, succeeds in forcing into exile the now dangerous, unreconstructed monarchist General Boulanger. Having Meanwhile renewed, in Europe, the Pact of the triple alliance between Germany, Austro-Hungary and Kingdom of Italy, Sadi Carnot think well to insist with Russia for a defensive alliance that discourages possible trends or expansionist colonialistiche tre potenze. The agreement is concluded in August 1891 in Saint Petersburg. But the greatest pitfall in which Carnot must grapple is ramping up, in France and in Europe, a new trend of people empowerment and the subsequent refusal of all forms of authority and hierarchy.
Anarchist ideas, theorized in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century mainly by Godwin, Proudhon and Stirner, now spread from Mikhail Bakunin, have now permeated the company. After the initial success, however, such theories succumb in comparison with the other big wave, that ideological Marxist. Also in Italy and movements are born very vivid comparisons: Marxism and social democracy drive more intransigent anarchists increasingly sidelined, until they erupt in violence of terrorism. A long series of bombings characterizes this stage, and the French President is among the first to vulnerable victim: while it prepares to inaugurate the world's fair of Lyon is attacked by the milanese anarchist Sante Caserio and knifed to death. It's the June 24, 1894 when Marie Francois Sadi Carnot ceases to live, at the age of 57 years.
Edith Wharton biography
January 24, 1862
August 11, 1937
Who is Edith Wharton
Edith Newbold Jones, then known as Edith Wharton, got married last name, was born in New York on 24 January 18Very important American writer, won the Pulitzer Prize with his novel "the age of innocence", translated into all the world and still the subject of study in schools not only in America.Descended from an ancient family of the "Big Apple", the Newbold-Jones, rich and socially active among New Yorkers notables. However, in 1866, when the small Edith has just four years, due to some questionable investment the family must move to Europe. Here the future writer learns French, Italian and German, he studied privately, without ever attending public schools, and spends his days reading, interested in art and literature, showing a little girl soon very introspective and very specific interests.
Already at the age of fourteen, under the guise of David Oliveri, Wharton writes her first novel. In these same years he composes poems and one, in particular, is included in a collection published by the magazine Atlantic Monthly. " After some time, a teacher who follows, that Washburn, Emelyn introduces authors reads Emerson and Thoreau, from which he learned a lot.
In 1885, after breaking an engagement with the young Harry Stevens, young and non-conformist bride, Edith of the well-known grudgingly, Boston banker Edward Wharton, a friend of her brother and twelve years older.
Five years later she begins and collaborate with the Magazine Scribner ". Starting from these years, however, the husband of Edith begins to reveal their mental problems, his character instability, which led him among other things to undertake several sexual relationships with young women, often also prostitutes. The relationship between the couple soon flakes and by 1906 the Wharton decided to move permanently to France, abandoning her husband.
Just between 1906 and 1909, according also to the many letters attached to a then famous collection published posthumously, Edith Wharton attended the journalist Morton Fullerton, according to many the true and only love of his life. Meanwhile, his literary career for several years seems about to take flight.
From 1902 is the library on the first novel, "The Valley of Decision", set in 18th-century Italy. This is followed by a series of publications, including short stories and articles, often leaving on the best European and American newspapers.
In 1911 he published "Ethan Frome", according to his most successful opera, short and compelling and halfway between a long short story and a Novella. In recent years, however, the Wharton enhances what is another one of his great passions, namely travel. Reaches as the first woman to do so in history, Mount Athos, precluded place to female persons, in addition to telling in many writings. Often travels in Italy and elsewhere in Europe, reaching even the visiting Morocco in a harem, another limit experience for a woman in those years. Shuttles back and forth between Europe and America, crossing the Atlantic about 60 times over the course of his life.
Shortly before the outbreak of World War II opens and literary circles in which hostels will welcome the authors not only Americans. Its two French houses, that of Paris and the other in the South of France, becomes a receptacle for authors and journalists, people of culture, helping to spread the fame of the American writer. Meanwhile in 1913 by the banker formally divorcing Wharton, but kept the surname received at the time of the wedding.
When in 1914 the declares war on Germany permanently France, Edith Wharton is committed to create real workshops for workers unemployed and without assistance. After having taken refuge in England he returned to France after the battle of the Marne in September 1914, giving rise to "American hostels for refugees", evolution of literary circles grew up in his home in Paris. There he meets authors such as Henry James, where he became a close friend, receiving large demonstrations of esteem and especially for his literary work. But it also makes the acquaintance of Walter Berry and Bernard Berenson, another two of his regulars. This initiative therefore, in 1916, Wharton receives the Légion d'honneur from the French Government.
During the war the New Yorker writer who also writes for American newspapers, providing reports on the war and political contingencies. But not only. Strives for humanitarian initiatives, such as when a Belgian orphanage helps save more than six hundred refugees, children in danger because of breezy German advance. Also collects funds. And continues to write novels and short stories, such as "Marl" (1918), laying the Foundation for what is soon to be his masterpiece, which arrives at the end of the war.
In 1920 in fact publish "the age of innocence", an opera set in New York's high society in the early twentieth century, in which it is obvious all his sarcasm and criticism of this type of company, targeted by an author who, for years, had come the characters.
A year later, in 1921, the novel won the Pulitzer Prize. Edith Wharton is the first woman to receive the coveted award. On the wave of enthusiasm, says the so-called "tetralogy of New York", dated 1924, which contains "False" works, "the old maid", "spark" and "new year's day".
Between the 20 's and 30 's he wrote other novels, but none reached the fame of "the age of innocence". "A son at the front", 1923, "Here and beyond", 1926, "children" of 1928 and "here come the gods" of 1931.
In 1937 he published "Ghosts", an important collection of stories about ghosts, in which there is a strong intellectual debt agreement with my colleague and friend Henry James. In this same year, therefore, after leaving the unfinished last novel, "the Buccaneers", in the French town of Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt, Edith Wharton, died exactly on 11 August 1937.
In 1993, the Director Martin Scorsese draws from his novel, "the age of innocence", the film of the same name, starring actors like Daniel Day-Lewis, Michelle Pfeiffer and Winona Ryder.
Biography of Robin Williams
July 21, 1951
August 11, 2014
Who is Robin Williams
The American actor Robin Williams was born on July 21, 1951 in Chicago, Illinois into a family economically wealthy. Her father is an Executive at the Ford Motors, while her mother is a model, which introduces him as a child in the entertainment industry. Despite the image of outgoing person, very nice and shiny, we know thanks to the film that starred, from Guy Robin is a loner. Yet, they tell tales of, prefer close himself and follow the thread of his thoughts rather than playing with other children.
A small mania catches him on the threshold of puberty, mania that does understand the Robin Williams character at that age. Collect toy soldiers, in fact a passion that makes certainly not to share with others and that especially can be cultivated only inside the walls. With time, comes to owning thousands of soldiers. Came the era of high school, he enrolled at the local school and graduated in 1969.
The passion for acting
After this first stage of the studies, he enrolled at the Faculty of political science at Claremont Men's College, where he began to emerge, however, his real passion. As expected, leaves the University, to enroll in drama acting school, Juilliard Institute, in New York City. The course guide is the master John Houseman. During this period, there is also another talent inherent in Williams's acting abilities, MIME, talent that exploits to earn the money. After graduating at the Juilliard Institute, Robin Williams began his career as a comedy actor, making for an emerging comedian until appear at "The Richard Pryor Show".
Mork & Mindy
In 1977, the Director Garry Marshall offered him the opportunity to conquer the international audience, playing a cute alien in the tv series "Mork and Mindy". That's the character who gives the first, extended celebrity. The character of Mork, an alien note, indelibly imprinted in the imagination of millions of viewers, far from imagining what the real potential of the funny actor who portrays Mork. However the greeting of the character, which appeared between the earthlings and extending your fingers and saying Na.no Na.no, it has become almost a catchphrase. In private life, instead, Valerie Velardi wedding in 1978.
The first hit movie
One of the first prominent film roles he gets in 1980, for the "Popeye (Popeye) by Robert Altman, a performance that wows not criticism. Scenario completely different a year later when, alongside Glenn Close in "the world according to Garp", offers a prime example of what will be its virtuoso acting interpretations and river, which pours a wide range of voice and gestures.
Virtually "launched" the next step the projects directly in the firmament of Hollywood stars, with the unforgettable performance of "Good Morning Viet Nam"; the film presents the perfect canvas to unleash his irrepressible energy that on purely text diction almost delusional. An interpretation that cannot go unnoticed and which won him an Oscar nomination.
The unique and immortal success with "Dead Poets Society"
The following year, another nominee, more Oscar touched, a movie has become a real cult: this is "Dead Poets Society", the controversial film by Peter Weir from the impact. His role is that of Professor tenacious and revolutionary, revolutionary and unconventional which not only became the "prototype" of the neo-romantic Professor-model dreamed up by millions of students, but also, in some ways, because of the inevitable degeneration, a character-speckles. However, both the criticism that its detractors remain definitively convinced of his ability to interpret both tragic roles that comedians.
Gli anni ' 90
For example, you cannot neglect his appearance in "Awakenings", 1990 masterpiece, alongside Robert De Niro, in the part of Dr. Malcolm Sayer. Or one year after the 1990s, sprite, Professor of medieval history struck by madness, glossy in "the Fisher King", with one shoulder like Jeff Bridges. In 1993, young and old in the funny maid's role in "Mrs. Doubtfire" and two years later, with amazing special effects, is the protagonist of "Jumanji".
In 1996, is the Hollywood a mammo gay couple, in the American remake of "the Vice", entitled "the birdcage", alongside the intransigent father-in-law Gene Hackman.
Williams has in recent years a number of other hits, including "impossible not to mention Wayward Genius" of 1997, alongside the young new star Matt Damon and fantasy film "beyond dreams". In his wanderings of roles also plays fantasy and animation films, like "Flubber" and "Bicentennial Man" and the sentimental-drama "Patch Adams".
The Oscar
In 1998 receives an Academy Award as best supporting actor for the movie "good Will Hunting-rebel Genius" (Matt Damon).
Among other big movies interpreted by him are not forgotten "-" Captain Hook Hook (Robin Williams plays to perfection an "adult" Peter Pan) and "Bicentennial Man". There will be over 60 movies played in his career.
Private life
On the personal front, despite his amiable personality, Robin Williams had more of a problem. First woman accused of having infected by herpes and later suspected of using cocaine, has divorced his wife Valerie after ten years of marriage and a son named Zachary, when a newspaper revealed her affair with Marsha Graces, the baby sitter.
In 1989 Marsha wedding, which has two children and creates its own production company called Blue Wolf.
On October 23, 2011 marries for the third time, the new wife is Susan Schneider, a graphic designer known in 2009.
Despite some scandals, her beloved public has always given the benefit of the doubt so that Robin Williams was always one of the most popular American celebrities.
Funny and witty. Ironic and overwhelming, Robin Williams could only succeed in showbiz. Anything but beautiful and handsome, the actor has demonstrated throughout his career to be extraordinary in different roles, more often than not, overwhelming as a veritable force of nature.
death
He died suddenly on August 11, 2014 at the age of 63 years: the cause of death was suffocation, however the first hypothesis it soon becomes clear that it was a suicide, a result of a severe State of depression. The following day, the police in fact formalises the news that Robin Williams committed suicide by hanging himself. His body was found at her home in Tiburon, California. Robin Williams was suffering from alcohol dependency, a situation for which in previous weeks had spent time in a detoxification clinic, as well as the previous year.
Biography of Steve Wozniak
Who is Steve Wozniak
Stephen Gary Wozniak was born on 11 August 1950 in Sunnyvale, California. Since a child inherits from his father Jerry, Lockheed engineer, a passion for electronics. He first met Steve Jobs into 1971, in college, while Steve is still in high school. In 1973 the two collaborate on the creation of a video game arcade, Breakout, Atari company in Los Gatos.Two years later, Steve Wozniak, while attending the University of California at Berkeley, is the victim of a traffic accident from which emerges miraculously unscathed; following this episode decides to leave the University. While he found a job at Hewlett Packard, begins designing a personal computer in his spare time, with no commercial purpose.
At the same time he began to attend the meetings of a club of enthusiasts of computer science and electronics, the Homebrew Computer Club in Palo Alto, which has the chance to meet and share their technical knowledge: in the club finds his old friend Steve Jobs. Is their Jobs persuaded Wozniak to make his plans for creating a personal computer are not restricted to be a hobby, but give life to a commercially viable product.
Thus, the two are trying to scrape together some money to invest (Wozniak sells, among other things, a valuable HP scientific calculator), and finally racimolano 1,300 dollars by means of which they can buy various electronic components. Jobs and Wozniak, then, make a prototype computer that has a microprocessor from 25 dollars, a storage unit, a Rom and a keyboard for data entry. Jobs, therefore, proposes to his friend and colleague to sell your computer: 1° April 1976 Apple is founded, and the prototype is called the Apple I; the first units are purchased to 666 dollars and 66 cents from a local computer shop.
Married in the meantime with Alicia Robertson, Steve Wozniak sees progressively increase their earnings: thanks to Apple, his company tap the million dollars. Stephen then decides to focus on product improvement by introducing a graphical view better and designing an inexpensive floppy disk; in 1978, also develops along with Randy Wigginton drafting an operating system. Meanwhile, Apple II market.
In 1980, while Apple is publicly traded, divorcing his wife Wozniak. In 1981, however, remains the victim of an accident whilst aboard his private plane: the event causes a temporary amnesia. Repurchased memory completely after an initial period of poor clarity, remains troubled by the episode: even once healed, in fact, seems to have lost the enthusiasm of the early days.
Decided to marry Candice Clark and return to the University: in 1982 graduated in electrical engineering and computer science. Meanwhile, sales of Apple II let his friend Steve Wozniak and Jobs to become millionaires, and at the same time to have the economic resources to develop new products. Stephen, however, decides to leave the company on 6 February 1985, nine years after its founding, to found a new company CL9, dedicated to the development of remote control switches for domestic use.
Since then, Jobs grudge against Wozniak, and put pressure on suppliers to encourage them to boycott the CL9: vendors, awed by the economic dominance of Apple, they decide to boycott the company Wozniak, that within a short time. Inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in September 2000, shortly after he founded the WoZ, society (whose name is an abbreviation for either Wozniak that stands for Wheels of Zeus) that deals with the development of wireless solutions. In 2004 receives from North Carolina State University an honorary degree by virtue of contribution in the field of personal computers, while two years later published the book "iWoz: from computer geek to cult icon, how I invented the personal computer, co-founded Apple, and had fun doing it."
After appearing as himself in a cameo in an episode of the fourth season of the sitcom "The Big Bang Theory", in December 2011 Steve Wozniak began working with Siemens and with Complex Manufacturing Assemblies.